Differential brain network analysis

ABSTRACT

A system and method of generating a graphical representation of a network of a subject human brain. The method comprises receiving, via a user interface, a selection of the network of the subject brain; determining, based on an MRI image of the subject brain and one or more identifiers associated with the selection, one or more parcellations of the subject brain ( 405 ); determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation, corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain ( 425 ); and generating a graphical representation of the selected network ( 430 ), the graphical representation including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/066,178, filed Oct. 8, 2020, which application claims priority to Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2019903933 entitled “System and Method for Displaying a Network of a Brain,” listing Michael Sughrue and Stephane Doyen as inventors and filed Oct. 18, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/066,171 entitled “Processing of Brain Image Data to Assign Voxels to Parcellations” listing Stephane Doyen, Charles Teo and Michael Sughrue as inventors, filed on Oct. 8, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD

The present invention relates generally to reproducing or displaying images of a human brain, and in particular to displaying a graphical representation of a network of a human brain including structural and functional connections of the network based on captured image data. The present invention also relates to a system, method and apparatus for displaying a graphical representation of a network of a human brain, and to a computer program product including a computer readable medium having recorded thereon a computer program for displaying a graphical representation of a network of a human brain.

BACKGROUND

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) uses magnetic resonance images to measure diffusion of water in a human brain. The measured diffusion is used to generate images of neural tracts and corresponding white matter fibers of the subject brain. Images captured using DTI relate to the whole brain and are correspondingly complex.

Neurosurgeons typically view visual representations of DTI images for a particular purpose, for example to study operation of a certain region of the brain, study effects of certain conditions on the brain or to plan for surgery.

A region of the brain can include millions of fibers gathered as tracts. However, users (such as neurosurgeons) typically require greater granularity in terms of operation and connections of the brain, such as identifying which tracts or fibers are connected or related. Without access to improved granularity, a neurosurgeon's study of the brain can be complex and may lead to risk in terms of identifying: 1) one or more of conditions present in the brain; 2) relevant areas for surgery; and 3) interactions between different components of the brain.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to substantially overcome, or at least ameliorate, one or more disadvantages of existing arrangements.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of generating a graphical representation of a network of a subject human brain, including: receiving, via a user interface, a selection of the network of the subject brain; determining, based on an MRI image of the subject brain and one or more identifiers associated with the selection, one or more parcellations of the subject brain; determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation, corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain; and generating a graphical representation of the selected network, the graphical representation including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts. A network can be interconnections of particular tracts and fibers corresponding to a particular function or structure of the brain (such as language or hearing).

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a system, including: an image capture device configured to capture an MRI image and a diffusion tensor image of a subject human brain; a memory; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute code stored on the memory for implementing a method of generating a graphical representation of a network of the subject human brain, the method including: receiving, via a user interface, a selection of the network of the subject brain; determining, based on the MRI image of the subject brain and one or more identifiers associated with the selection, one or more parcellations of the subject brain; determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation, corresponding tracts in the diffusion tensor image of the brain; and generating a graphical representation of the selected network, the graphical representation including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon to implement a method of generating a graphical representation of a network of a subject human brain, the program including: code for receiving, via a user interface, a selection of the network of the subject brain; code for determining, based on an MRI image of the subject brain and one or more identifiers associated with the selection, one or more parcellations of the subject brain; code for determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation, corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain; and code for generating a graphical representation of the selected network, the graphical representation including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus configured to implement a method of generating a graphical representation of a network of a subject human brain, including: a memory; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute code stored on the memory for: receiving, via a user interface, a selection of the network of the subject brain; determining, based on an MRI image of the subject brain and one or more identifiers associated with the selection, one or more parcellations of the subject brain; determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation, corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain; and generating a graphical representation of the selected network, the graphical representation including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts.

The subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in particular embodiments to realize one or more of the following advantages. Current interfaces can be of limited clinical assistance in that such interfaces display too many tracts to be useful. Users of the interfaces such as neurosurgeons face difficulty in determining which tracts are connected and relevant to particular functions. Accordingly, particular tracts cannot be identified based on structure or function and the image of the region of interest may not be clinically meaningful. Quality of patient care and complexity of diagnosis and surgery can be adversely affected. Allowing a user to specify and visualize particular functions and/or structures of interest, 1) improves quality and speed of care, 2) improves surgical planning as the system highlights important/relevant networks, and 3) allows for finer determination of head trauma based on a scan as the system displays potentially impacted networks.

Other aspects are described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

At least one embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings and Table 2 at the end of the specification, in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B form a schematic block diagram of a computer system upon which arrangements described can be practiced;

FIG. 2A shows a software architecture for a graphical user interface for reproducing a graphical representation of specified network(s) of a brain;

FIG. 2B shows a data structure used in a database of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3 shows a method of displaying a graphical representation of a network of a subject brain;

FIG. 4 shows a method of generating a graphical representation of a network of the subject brain as implemented in the method of FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5 shows method of identifying tracts as used in the method of FIG. 4 ;

FIGS. 6A and 6B show dataflows of generating a graphical representation of a network of a subject human brain;

FIG. 7A shows a window of a graphical user interface showing image data of a subject brain;

FIG. 7B shows the window of 7A showing a graphical representation of a selected network (e.g., the language network) of the subject brain;

FIG. 8 shows a window of a graphical user interface showing image data of a subject brain and an updated menu;

FIG. 9A shows a window of a graphical user interface showing a graphical representation of a network of a brain;

FIG. 9B shows the window of FIG. 9A updated to show a graphical representation of the network of a brain relating to tracts only;

FIG. 10 shows another window of a graphical user interface showing a graphical representation of a network of a brain;

FIG. 11 shows another window of a graphical user interface showing a graphical representation of a network of a brain; and

Table 2 at the end of the specification shows a mapping database using the structure of FIG. 2B.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Where reference is made in any one or more of the accompanying drawings to steps and/or features, which have the same reference numerals, those steps and/or features have for the purposes of this description the same function(s) or operation(s), unless the contrary intention appears.

A brain atlas is a method of representing portions of the human brain. A brain atlas typically comprises sections along anatomical or functional areas of a brain and provides a mapping of the brain. One can refer to the identified sections of the brain as parcellations of the brain. For example, one can delineate 180 areas/parcellations per hemisphere where the areas/parcellations are bounded by sharp changes in cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and/or topography. Such parcellations can be determined based on a precisely aligned group (e.g., more than 200) healthy young adults.

The arrangements described allow a user of a medical image display system, such as a neurosurgeon, to view DTI image data in a manner that just shows specified network(s) or interconnections of particular tracts and fibers corresponding to a particular function or structure of the brain. A graphical representation that identifies particular parcellations and corresponding tracts, or portions of tracts, relevant to the structure can be provided. A network of the brain can be constructed based upon parcellations of the brain and corresponding structural and functional connections.

The arrangements described allow use of DTI images for a subject to be provided in an improved manner so that a user can identify individual tracts or fibers relevant to interconnected or inter-operational portions of the brain. For example, tracts (or fibers) associated with particular parcellations or other known anatomical structures of the brain and the spatial relationships of the tracts (or fibers) with the parcellation can be represented graphically. Compared to previous solutions where all tracts in a region would be represented, thereby occluding relationships between tracts (or fibers) with one another and with certain portions of the brain, the user/viewer obtains a greater granularity in relation to the image data and a more clinically meaningful image. A neurosurgeon, for example, is thereby allowed an improved study of a subject brain, for example interconnections of particular tracts, regions, and networks. Given the more clinically meaningful image, the neurosurgeon can better understand connections and operations of the subject brain. Decisions relating to conditions, operation of the subject brain and procedures to be performed on the subject brain can be improved, thereby increasing patient safety and standard of care.

In order to allow a representation of the image data that isolates and identifies interconnections associated with a grouping, function or region of the brain, this specification provides a model mapping elements of the brain using atlas parcellations in accordance with a three-dimensional model of a brain. The model is effectively a library of neuro-anatomy that can be used to assign parcellations of the brain into networks for particular function(s). Implementations of a system described in this specification can use the structure of the model to determine corresponding data from a DTI image and use that DTI data to graphically represent a particular network of the brain. Such a library structure further allows a user such as a neurosurgeon to use the graphical user interface accurately and intuitively to obtain a visual reconstruction of the brain of a particular subject to view network interconnections.

A computing device can perform the arrangements described. FIGS. 1A and 1B depict a computer system 100, upon which one can practice the various arrangements described.

As seen in FIG. 1A, the computer system 100 includes: a computer module 101; input devices such as a keyboard 102, a mouse pointer device 103, a scanner 126, a camera 127, and a microphone 180; and output devices including a printer 115, a display device 114 and loudspeakers 117. An external Modulator-Demodulator (Modem) transceiver device 116 may be used by the computer module 101 for communicating to and from a communications network 120 via a connection 121. The communications network 120 may be a wide-area network (WAN), such as the Internet, a cellular telecommunications network, or a private WAN. Where the connection 121 is a telephone line, the modem 116 may be a traditional “dial-up” modem. Alternatively, where the connection 121 is a high capacity (e.g., cable) connection, the modem 116 may be a broadband modem. A wireless modem may also be used for wireless connection to the communications network 120.

The computer module 101 typically includes at least one processor unit 105, and a memory unit 106. For example, the memory unit 106 may have semiconductor random access memory (RAM) and semiconductor read only memory (ROM). The computer module 101 also includes an number of input/output (I/O) interfaces including: an audio-video interface 107 that couples to the video display 114, loudspeakers 117 and microphone 180; an I/O interface 113 that couples to the keyboard 102, mouse 103, scanner 126, camera 127 and optionally a joystick or other human interface device (not illustrated); and an interface 108 for the external modem 116 and printer 115. In some implementations, the modem 116 may be incorporated within the computer module 101, for example within the interface 108. The computer module 101 also has a local network interface 111, which permits coupling of the computer system 100 via a connection 123 to a local-area communications network 122, known as a Local Area Network (LAN). As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the local communications network 122 may also couple to the wide network 120 via a connection 124, which would typically include a so-called “firewall” device or device of similar functionality. The local network interface 111 may comprise an Ethernet circuit card, a Bluetooth® wireless arrangement or an IEEE 802.11 wireless arrangement; however, numerous other types of interfaces may be practiced for the interface 111.

The module 101 can be connected with an image capture device 197 via the network 120. The device 197 can capture images of a subject brain using each of diffusor tension imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The captured images are typically in standard formats such as DICOM format and OpenfMRI format respectively. The module 101 can receive DTI and MRI images the device 197 via the network 120. Alternatively, the DTI and MRI images can be received by the module 101 from a remote server, such as a cloud server 199, via the network 120. In other arrangements, the module 101 may be an integral part of one of the image capture device 197 and the server 199.

The I/O interfaces 108 and 113 may afford either or both of serial and parallel connectivity, the former typically being implemented according to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standards and having corresponding USB connectors (not illustrated). Storage devices 109 are provided and typically include a hard disk drive (HDD) 110. Other storage devices such as a floppy disk drive and a magnetic tape drive (not illustrated) may also be used. An optical disk drive 112 is typically provided to act as a non-volatile source of data. Portable memory devices, such optical disks (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD, Blu ray Disc™), USB-RAM, portable, external hard drives, and floppy disks, for example, may be used as appropriate sources of data to the system 100.

The components 105 to 113 of the computer module 101 typically communicate via an interconnected bus 104 and in a manner that results in a conventional mode of operation of the computer system 100 known to those in the relevant art. For example, the processor 105 is coupled to the system bus 104 using a connection 118. Likewise, the memory 106 and optical disk drive 112 are coupled to the system bus 104 by connections 119. Examples of computers on which the described arrangements can be practised include IBM-PC's and compatibles, Sun Sparcstations, Apple Mac™ or like computer systems.

The method described may be implemented using the computer system 100 wherein the processes of FIGS. 3 to 5 , to be described, may be implemented as one or more software application programs 133 executable within the computer system 100. In particular, the steps of the method described are effected by instructions 131 (see FIG. 1B) in the software 133 that are carried out within the computer system 100. The software instructions 131 may be formed as one or more code modules, each for performing one or more particular tasks. The software may also be divided into two separate parts, in which a first part and the corresponding code modules performs the described methods and a second part and the corresponding code modules manage a user interface between the first part and the user.

The software may be stored in a computer readable medium, including the storage devices described below, for example. The software is loaded into the computer system 100 from the computer readable medium, and then executed by the computer system 100. A computer readable medium having such software or computer program recorded on the computer readable medium is a computer program product. The use of the computer program product in the computer system 100 preferably effects an advantageous apparatus for providing a display of a neurological image.

The software 133 is typically stored in the HDD 110 or the memory 106. The software is loaded into the computer system 100 from a computer readable medium, and executed by the computer system 100. Thus, for example, the software 133 may be stored on an optically readable disk storage medium (e.g., CD-ROM) 125 that is read by the optical disk drive 112. A computer readable medium having such software or computer program recorded on it is a computer program product. The use of the computer program product in the computer system 100 preferably effects an apparatus for providing a display of a neurological image.

In some instances, the application programs 133 may be supplied to the user encoded on one or more CD-ROMs 125 and read via the corresponding drive 112, or alternatively may be read by the user from the networks 120 or 122. Still further, the software can also be loaded into the computer system 100 from other computer readable media. Computer readable storage media refers to any non-transitory tangible storage medium that provides recorded instructions and/or data to the computer system 100 for execution and/or processing. Examples of such storage media include floppy disks, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray™ Disc, a hard disk drive, a ROM or integrated circuit, USB memory, a magneto-optical disk, or a computer readable card such as a PCMCIA card and the like, whether or not such devices are internal or external of the computer module 101. Examples of transitory or non-tangible computer readable transmission media that may also participate in the provision of software, application programs, instructions and/or data to the computer module 101 include radio or infra-red transmission channels as well as a network connection to another computer or networked device, and the Internet or Intranets including e-mail transmissions and information recorded on Websites and the like.

The second part of the application programs 133 and the corresponding code modules mentioned above may be executed to implement one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to be rendered or otherwise represented upon the display 114. Through manipulation of typically the keyboard 102 and the mouse 103, a user of the computer system 100 and the application may manipulate the interface in a functionally adaptable manner to provide controlling commands and/or input to the applications associated with the GUI(s). Other forms of functionally adaptable user interfaces may also be implemented, such as an audio interface utilizing speech prompts output via the loudspeakers 117 and user voice commands input via the microphone 180.

FIG. 1B is a detailed schematic block diagram of the processor 105 and a “memory” 134. The memory 134 represents a logical aggregation of all the memory modules (including the HDD 109 and semiconductor memory 106) that can be accessed by the computer module 101 in FIG. 1A.

When the computer module 101 is initially powered up, a power-on self-test (POST) program 150 executes. The POST program 150 is typically stored in a ROM 149 of the semiconductor memory 106 of FIG. 1A. A hardware device such as the ROM 149 storing software is sometimes referred to as firmware. The POST program 150 examines hardware within the computer module 101 to ensure proper functioning and typically checks the processor 105, the memory 134 (109, 106), and a basic input-output systems software (BIOS) module 151, also typically stored in the ROM 149, for correct operation. Once the POST program 150 has run successfully, the BIOS 151 activates the hard disk drive 110 of FIG. 1A. Activation of the hard disk drive 110 causes a bootstrap loader program 152 that is resident on the hard disk drive 110 to execute via the processor 105. This loads an operating system 153 into the RAM memory 106, upon which the operating system 153 commences operation. The operating system 153 is a system level application, executable by the processor 105, to fulfil various high level functions, including processor management, memory management, device management, storage management, software application interface, and generic user interface.

The operating system 153 manages the memory 134 (109, 106) to ensure that each process or application running on the computer module 101 has sufficient memory in which to execute without colliding with memory allocated to another process. Furthermore, the different types of memory available in the system 100 of FIG. 1A must be used properly so that each process can run effectively. Accordingly, the aggregated memory 134 is not intended to illustrate how particular segments of memory are allocated (unless otherwise stated), but rather to provide a general view of the memory accessible by the computer system 100 and how such is used.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the processor 105 includes a number of functional modules including a control unit 139, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 140, and a local or internal memory 148, sometimes called a cache memory. The cache memory 148 typically includes a number of storage registers 144-146 in a register section. One or more internal busses 141 functionally interconnect these functional modules. The processor 105 typically also has one or more interfaces 142 for communicating with external devices via the system bus 104, using a connection 118. The memory 134 is coupled to the bus 104 using a connection 119.

The application program 133 includes a sequence of instructions 131 that may include conditional branch and loop instructions. The program 133 may also include data 132 which is used in execution of the program 133. The instructions 131 and the data 132 are stored in memory locations 128, 129, 130 and 135, 136, 137, respectively. Depending upon the relative size of the instructions 131 and the memory locations 128-130, a particular instruction may be stored in a single memory location as depicted by the instruction shown in the memory location 130. Alternately, an instruction may be segmented into a number of parts each of which is stored in a separate memory location, as depicted by the instruction segments shown in the memory locations 128 and 129.

In general, the processor 105 is given a set of instructions which are executed therein. The processor 105 waits for a subsequent input, to which the processor 105 reacts to by executing another set of instructions. Each input may be provided from one or more of a number of sources, including data generated by one or more of the input devices 102, 103, data received from an external source across one of the networks 120, 102, data retrieved from one of the storage devices 106, 109 or data retrieved from a storage medium 125 inserted into the corresponding reader 112, all depicted in FIG. 1A. The execution of a set of the instructions may in some cases result in output of data. Execution may also involve storing data or variables to the memory 134.

The described arrangements use input variables 154, which are stored in the memory 134 in corresponding memory locations 155, 156, 157. The described arrangements produce output variables 161, which are stored in the memory 134 in corresponding memory locations 162, 163, 164. Intermediate variables 158 may be stored in memory locations 159, 160, 166 and 167.

Referring to the processor 105 of FIG. 1B, the registers 144, 145, 146, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 140, and the control unit 139 work together to perform sequences of micro-operations needed to perform “fetch, decode, and execute” cycles for every instruction in the instruction set making up the program 133. Each fetch, decode, and execute cycle comprises:

a fetch operation, which fetches or reads an instruction 131 from a memory location 128, 129, 130;

a decode operation in which the control unit 139 determines which instruction has been fetched; and

an execute operation in which the control unit 139 and/or the ALU 140 execute the instruction.

Thereafter, a further fetch, decode, and execute cycle for the next instruction may be executed. Similarly, a store cycle may be performed by which the control unit 139 stores or writes a value to a memory location 132.

Each step or sub-process in the processes of FIGS. 3 to 5 is associated with one or more segments of the program 133 and is performed by the register section 144, 145, 147, the ALU 140, and the control unit 139 in the processor 105 working together to perform the fetch, decode, and execute cycles for every instruction in the instruction set for the noted segments of the program 133.

FIG. 2 shows a software architecture 200 for implementing a graphical user interface to reconstruct and display a network of a subject brain. The architecture 200 includes a surface mesh 202, a mesh model 204, a mapping database 206 and an interface module 210, each of which is typically stored in the memory 106. The interface engine 210 typically forms one of the modules of the software application 133 executable on the processor 105. A mesh is a term often used in 3D computer rendering to describe a file that contains a cloud of points in space or a formula the rendering of which will create that cloud. In the present case, a mesh can provide the coordinates at which the parcellations are drawn. There can exist two meshes, a surface mesh and a mesh model. The surface mesh 202 can provide the color to display for each relevant parcellation and the mesh model 204 can provide the voxel identity for use with the database of parcellations. Note that this is just one possible implementation of the rendering method.

The interface module 210 executes to generate or render a graphical user interface displayed on the monitor 114 for example. The graphical user interface includes a number of menu options and a graphical representation of a network of a brain or a captured image of the brain. The interface model typically forms one or more modules of the application 133. In some arrangements, the module 210 may be accessed or distributed by an internet browser executing on the module 101.

The mesh model 204 represents a three-dimensional structure of a shape of a brain of a subject. The mesh model 204 can be constructed using a point-cloud or a mesh of three-dimensional objects such as voxels. In the example arrangements described herein, the mesh model comprises cubic objects each representing a voxel. Each of the cubic objects has an associated location in three-dimensional space (x, y and z coordinates) representing the brain. Each point or voxel in the mesh model 204 has an associated mesh identifier.

The surface mesh 202 comprises a model of the subject brain in which color (described as a set of RGB values) is applied to voxels to generate a surface representing parcellations of the brain. Voxels can be assigned to parcellations using one of a variety of methods. In other words, the mesh can be derived from a personalised atlas in one implementation. In other implementations, other atlases can be used. For instance, one can use a warped HCP with no correction using a machine learning model. The parcellations represent regions of the brain. The RGB values are preferably assigned to parcellations in the following manner. The mesh is a cloud of points in space. Those points have an RGB value that can be derived from a look up table. The surface model 202 associates a set of RGB values with a coordinate of each voxel, the RGB values reflecting a parcellation of the subject brain. Alternatively, other methods of assigning color may be used. Both of the surface mesh 202 and the mesh model 204 are generated for each subject brain. The surface mesh 202 and the mesh model 204 are generated using MRI data for the image brain as described in relation to FIG. 3 below. A color scheme is not required as parcellations involved in homogeneous functions are displayed in shades of the same color. Using such a color scheme makes the display easier for a user to digest.

The mapping database 206 stores the model or library used to classify portions of the brain into parcellations. The parcellations relate to a brain atlas and can be assigned identifiers in a specific order, as described in more detail hereafter. The structure of the mapping database 206 allows the user to select required parcellations or networks of the brain for which a network is to be generated using a graphical user interface.

The interface module 210 executes to use the surface mesh 202, mesh model 204, the mapping database 206, and image data (both DTI and MRI) to render and display or reproduce a graphical representation of a network of the brain based on a user selection.

FIG. 2B shows one example of a data structure of the mapping database 206. As shown in FIG. 2B a data structure 250 has a highest level 252 named “Grouping”. The Grouping represents an initial menu option into which a user can drill down, if desired, to identify a particular network of the brain to be represented graphically. A next level of the structure 250 after the Grouping is termed Level 1 marked as 254, followed by Level 2 (marked as 256), in turn followed by a Parcellation Level marked as 258. The Parcellation Level 258 is also referred to as a parcellation name. Each Parcellation Level 258 is associated with a unique identifier 260, referred to as a parcellation identifier. As described in relation to FIG. 4 below, each parcellation name 258 is determined based on the mapping database 206 connecting three-dimensional locations in the subject brain with a parcellation identifier 260. Another implementation of the data structure of the mapping database 206 can have more or fewer levels.

An example of a mapping database 206 providing a library of a brain using the data structure 250 is shown in Table 2 at the end of the specification. As shown in Table 2, a particular sub-level may not be present for some of the levels 252 and 254.

Table 1 below shows an example set of Grouping options.

TABLE 1 Grouping options Grouping Types Network Parcellation Tract Region

The naming of grouping types can take various forms. For example, instead of a “Network” grouping type one can have a “Network template” grouping type and/or instead of a “Tracts” grouping type, one can have a “Tractography Bundle” grouping type.

In the context of the arrangements described a graphical representation of a network of a brain relates to parcellations of the brain and/or associated tracts. The graphical representation of the network of the brain can relate to selection of any of the Groupings “Network”, “Parcellation”, “Tract” and “Region” and associated sub-levels.

FIG. 7A shows an example of a window 700 a rendered by execution of the interface module 210 on the module 101. The window 700 a can be reproduced via the display 114 for example. The window 700 a includes a pull-down menu 702. The options available in the pull-down menu 702 reflect the Grouping options of Table 1 (Grouping 252 of the data structure 250).

Each of the levels 254 and 256 represent a portion of the brain, sub-divided in a progression such that the parcellation level (name) 258 represents a typical parcellation of the brain used in a brain atlas. The representations provided by the levels 254 and 256 depend on the corresponding Grouping 252. For example, in Table 2 below some Groupings have a left Level 1 category and a right level 1 category for each of left and right. As shown in Table 2, the same parcellation name 258 can be applied to more than one identifier as a parcellation may be relevant to more than one location or region (for example parcellation name “8C” is applied to identifiers 73 and 273 relating to left and right instances of Level 1 (auditory function) respectively). One can design the structure 250 to divide portions of the brain in a manner intuitive to a neurosurgeon or another neuroscience professional. One can use the data structure 250 to identify relevant areas of a subject brain and/or of a DTI image as described below.

Referring to FIG. 7A, the window 700 a includes a sub-menu 703 with a slider 704. The sub-menu 703 includes options 707 reflecting Level 1 (254) associated with the Grouping “Network”. Each of the options reflecting Level 1 can be selected by a user or expanded into Level 2 (256) if available or the next sub-level until the Parcellation Level 258 is reached.

The Grouping “Network” can relate to a network based on particular function such as auditory or language. The data structure 250 can be generated to reflect known scientific classifications of the human brain. The data structure 250 allows actual structure and/or function of the human brain to be programmatically extracted so that different portions of a subject brain and their interconnects can be identified and represented graphically. In particular, breaking the Grouping 252 into different levels that lead to parcellations allows structure and/or function to be extracted, e.g., on the basis of specified network(s).

The structure 250 shown in FIG. 2B and the example database shown in Table 2 reflect anatomical breakdown in a manner intuitive to typical neurosurgeons to form a preferred implementation. However, the structure 250 can be varied in other implementations, for example adding further levels, merging the levels 254 and 256, or otherwise further subdividing the Grouping 252.

The mapping database 206 and the mesh model 204 operate to associate the parcellation identifier 260 with a three-dimensional coordinate ((x, y, z) coordinates) in the subject brain. A relationship is established between the mesh identifiers of the mesh model 204 and the parcellation identifiers 260. For example, each point or voxel of the mesh model 204 can be associated with one of a sequential number of mesh identifiers representing a rasterization of three-dimensional locations in the brain. The mapping database 206 associates the parcellation identifier 260 with the parcellation name 258 as shown in FIG. 2B. Accordingly, the parcellation name 258 can be in turn associated with three-dimensional coordinates in the three-dimensional mesh model. Additionally, RGB values, each having values of between 0 and 255 are associated with each parcellation name and/or identifier using the same coordinate system. An example is shown in Table 2 where the mesh identifier is associated with the parcellation.

TABLE 2 Mapping database and mesh relationships Mesh Mesh Parcellation Parcellation Color (R, G, Surface mesh Identifier Coordinate Identifer MID name (stored in B) (stored in 202 (MID MID (stored (x, y, z) (stored in 206) 206) 206) with RGB in 204) (Stored in applied to 204) voxel)

In one implementation, the data included in the surface mesh, the mesh model and the mapping database can be as follows: 1) surface mesh—Mesh coordinate, mesh ID, color, parcellation name, voxel ID; 2) mesh model—mesh ID, mesh coordinate, parcellation ID; and 3) mapping database-grouping, level 1, level 2, parcellation name, parcellation ID. In a specific implementation, Table 2 reflects the mapping database. The mesh gives the parcellation id in space that the rendering engine can interpret. Putting the mapping database and the mesh model together one can obtain the surface mesh, i.e., parcellations colored in space. With a different file system, the surface mesh and the mesh model can be collapsed in one object. The example arrangements described relate to use of three-dimensional models and coordinates. However, in instances where a two-dimensional representation of portions of a brain may be required, the implementation described can be applied similarly to use two-dimensional models and coordinates. For example, in some circumstances a neurosurgeon may prefer to use a two-dimensional model for improved ease of perception and reference, whereas in other circumstances (for example during surgery) three-dimensional model may be more appropriate.

FIG. 3 shows a method 300 of displaying a graphical representation of a network of a brain. With reference to FIGS. 1A, 2A and 3 , the method 300 is executed by the interface engine 210 under execution of the processor 105.

The method 300 starts at an accessing step 305. At step 305 a system (such as the system illustrated in FIG. 1A) accesses images of a subject brain. The images are DTI and MRI images captured of the same subject brain, for example the image capture device 197 can capture the images and transmit them to the module 101 via the network 120 or the images may be already stored in memory 106.

The method 300 continues from step 305 to a model preparation step 307. The step 307 operates to use the accessed MRI image data to construct a greyscale brain image, the mesh model 204, and the surface mesh 202 and populate the mapping database 206 for the subject brain.

T1 data of the MRI image allows construction of a greyscale brain image according to known techniques. The T1 data represents a three-dimensional model of the subject brain in which each voxel is associated with a greyscale value.

The step 307 operates to generate the mesh model 204 based on the voxel positions. Each voxel or point in the mesh model has a three-dimensional location in the image. The step 307 executes to assign a mesh identifier to each of the voxels. For example, the identifier can be based on a rasterization of the T1 data of the MRI image.

Population of the database structure 206 is achieved by associating voxels of the three-dimensional image of the subject brain (available via T1 data of the MRI) with one of the parcellation identifiers 260. Each parcellation identifier 260 is assigned in a specific order to establish a relationship with the mesh identifiers. In the arrangements described each parcellation identifier 260 in the database is assigned based on values as the mesh identifier in the corresponding (same) location in the mesh model 204. In other words, a particular parcellation identifier can be assigned to various mesh identifiers in such a way as to use sequential mesh identifiers for voxels belonging to a single parcellation. This approach leverages the principle of database normalisation where normal forms are stored separately to avoid redundancy and easy update. If the system stores coordinates and colors in the same database, one would have to update the whole database as soon as one updates the coordinates (e.g., for a new brain). Similarly if one updates the colors one would have to update all the scans processed to date. Stated differently, ID's are invariants that are used to look up elements that can change. In other arrangements, the parcellation identifier and the mesh identifier may be associated using other methods such as an algorithm or a look up table. The mesh surface 202 and the mesh model 204 allow a parcellation name 258 to be matched to a volume in space and the identifiers 260 to be populated.

The surface model 202 is also generated at step 307 based on voxel positions determined from the MRI data. Each of the voxels is associated with a set of RGB values in the database 206 for the corresponding parcellation value. The RGB values can be stored as part of the mapping database 206 or the surface mesh 202. The RGB values can be derived as described above The association of the coordinates of the mesh and the parcellations, and thereby the RGB values are based upon a brain atlas. For example, a standard HCP-MMP atlas, after conversion to a volumetric format such as NIFTI, can be loaded and fitted to the T1 data of the subject brain using fitting mechanisms such as curve fitting techniques, least squares fitting techniques, or volumetric fitting.

With reference to FIG. 3 , the method 300 continues from step 307 to a displaying step 310. With reference to FIGS. 1A and 3 , the step 310 operates to reproduce a default display of the graphical user interface, for example in the monitor 114. The default reproduction can be the window 700 a of FIG. 7A, for example. The window 700 a includes an area 710 in which a graphical representation of a brain, or a network of a brain, can be reproduced. In the example of FIG. 7A, a default representation is reproduced, being DTI image data for the full subject brain superimposed over the greyscale T1 image. In the example of FIG. 7A, 730 shows greyscale graphics relating to the MRI data and 735 shows graphics relating to the tracts determined from the DTI image.

The window generated by the interface can include a set of sliders 720 for adjusting graphical elements of the interface display such as contrast. The user can manipulate inputs of the module 101 such as the mouse 103 to adjust the sliders 720. The menu 720 also includes options relating to display of tracts and parcellations. In the example of FIG. 7A, check-boxes 740 and 750 allow display of tracts and parcellations to be switched on or off respectively. In the example of FIG. 7A, tracts are turned on (740 checked) and parcellations are turned off (750 unchecked).

In another implementation, the default display can relate to the surface mesh 202. FIG. 11 shows a window 1100 reproduced by execution of the interface module 210. The window 1100 shows an example default display in which only parcellation surfaces 1125 are reproduced rather than the tracts described by the DTI image. The window 1100 relates to the check-box 740 being unchecked and the check-box 750 being checked (see FIG. 7A).

Returning to FIG. 3 , the method 300 continues from step 310 to a receiving step 315. The step 315 operates to receive a user input. The input is received due to a user manipulating an input of the module 101, for example the mouse 103, to interact with the graphical user interface, for example the window 700.

On receiving the input at step 315 the method 300 continues under control of the processor 105 to a check step 320. Step 320 executes to check if the interaction requires a menu update. A menu update may be required if the user has selected a different option from the menu 703 of FIG. 7A, or selects to expand a currently available menu option, for example one of options 707 available next to the slider 704. The options 707 represent options corresponding to Level 1 (254) of the data structure 250, each of which can be selected by the user or expended. Each of the options at Level 1 can be selected or expanded to provide a sub-menu corresponding to Level 2 (256) The Level 2 options can in turn be selected or expanded to represent selectable sub-options representing corresponding parcellation levels or names (258).

If step 320 determines that a menu update is required (“Y” at step 320), the method 300 continues to an updating step 325. The updating step updates the graphical user interface to display menu options available as a result of the interaction. For example, FIG. 8 shows a window 800 reproduced by the interface engine 210. A pull-down menu 802 (corresponding to the menu 702) shows a Grouping selection of “Network”. In the window 800 a menu area 803 (similar to the area 703) has had Level 1 (254) and a corresponding instance of Level 2 (256) expanded. In the window 800 Level 1, Level 2 and Parcellation Level 258 options are displayed as 812, 814 and 816 respectively.

Returning to FIG. 3 , if step 320 determines that a menu update is not required (“N” at step 320), the method 300 continues to a determining step 330. The step 330 is therefore executed if the user has made a selection that requires a network of a brain to be graphically represented. The step 330 operates to determine each parcellation identifier (260) associated with the user selection. Step 330 can execute to determine more than one parcellation identifier, depending on the user selection. For example, the user has selected more than one parcellation 258, each parcellation has an associated identifier 260. Alternatively, if the user has selected a Level 1 (254) or Level 2 (256) option, the network can contain more than one parcellation such that more than one parcellation identifier is inherently selected. For example, with reference to FIG. 7A if the user selects the “language” option from the options 707, the system selects all the pacellations that are part of the language function.

The method 300 continues under execution of the processor 105 from step 330 to a generating step 335. The step 335 executes to generate a graphical representation of the selected network of the subject brain. Step 335 uses the parcellation identifiers (260) determined in step 330, the mesh model 204 and the surface mesh 202 generated at step 307, and the image data accessed at step 305 to generate a graphical representation of the network of the subject brain selected by the user. Operation of step 335 is described in greater detail in relation to FIG. 4 .

FIG. 4 shows an example of a method 400 of generating a graphical representation of a brain as executed at step 335. The method 400 is typically implemented as one or more modules of the application 210 stored in the memory 106 and controlled under execution of the processor 105.

The method 400 receives the parcellation identifiers 260 determined at step 330. The step 405 operates to select one of the received parcellation identifiers. The selection may be based on any suitable criteria, for example location, numerical order or random. A parcellation name 258 corresponding to the selected identifier is determined at step 405 using the mapping database 206. Linking the selection menu to the rendering uses ID's. For example, a user can select a network name using a user interface. The system uses the network name to identify parcellation IDs and the system uses the parcellation IDs to determine where the parcellations are in 3D space. Steps 330 and 405 operate to determine, based on the MRI image of the subject brain and the identifiers associated with the user selection, one or more parcellations of the subject brain.

The method 400 continues under control of the processor 105 from step 405 to a determining step 410. Step 410 operates to determine three-dimensional coordinates for the parcellation name 258. The three-dimensional coordinates reflect a location or region in three-dimensional space on the mesh model 204. The three-dimensional coordinates are determined by matching the parcellation name 258 and/or the associated identifier(s) 260 with identifiers of the mesh model 204. The coordinates are those of the matched mesh identifiers. In implementations where the data structure 250 is varied, identifiers from different levels may be used. In other words, the left hand side menu can show different subsets such as “Networks” or “tracts.” An implementation of the system enables updates over the parcellation database. As a result, the left hand side menu can be updated. Since the system can use ID's, the matching with the mesh is preserved.

The method 400 continues from step 410 to a determining step 415. The step 415 operates to determine image data corresponding to the location or region identified at step 410 from the DTI image accessed at step 305. The DTI image data is typically in “.TRK” format in which tracts are represented as lists of tract vectors having three-dimensional locations. The system can identify tract vectors corresponding to the location or region determined at step 410. In one arrangement, the coordinates associated with the three-dimensional mesh model 204 have a same origin as the image data such that the same three-dimensional location can be used for each. In other arrangements, a translation of vectors may be required to align origins of the image data and the mesh model 204. Step 415 effectively determines all tracts relevant to the user selection.

The method 400 continues from step 415 to a check step 420. As noted in relation to step 330 the user's selection can result in more than one identifier being determined. Step 420 executes to check if image data has been determined for all of the identifiers received as inputs to the method 400. If image data has been determined for all received identifiers (“Y” at step 420) the method 400 continues to an identifying step 425. If image data has not been determined for all received identifiers (“N” at step 420) a next identifier is selected and the method 400 returns to step 405. The system then repeats steps 405 to 415 for the next selected identifier.

The step 425 executes to select tracts from the image data that are relevant to the network indicated by the user input, effectively organising the tracts determined in each iteration of step 415 into subsets based on the user selection. The tracts can relate to full tracts or subsets of tracts. The subsets of tracts can include individual fibers. The tract vectors comprise sequences of vectors present in the image data that in combination represent routing of tracts. The system selects the tracts based on intersection (also referred to as collision) with one or more volumes bounded by the selected parcellations. The volumes are determined based on the coordinates determined at step 410. Steps 415 and 425 relate to determining corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain. The determination is made using the coordinates determined at step 410. Operation of the step 425 is described in further detail in relation to FIG. 5 .

The method 400 continues from step 425 to a rendering step 430. At step 430 the interface module 210 executes to render a graphical representation of the brain network and reproduce the graphical display for the user (for example via the video display 114). The graphical representation includes at least one of (i) one or more surfaces, each representing a parcellation boundary, and (ii) the tracts selected at step 425. The graphical representation can include a greyscale image providing a background reference. Whether the graphical representation relates to both the parcellation surfaces and the selected tracts or just one of the selected tracts and the parcellation surfaces alone depends on the selection received from the user at step 315.

Step 430 operates to generate surfaces representing parcellation boundaries (if required) based on the coordinates determined at step 410 and the RGB values of the database 206 associated with the corresponding parcellation name. Each required surface is generated using selection of the regions defined in the surface mesh 202. If the user selection requires the tracts to be included in the graphical representation, the tract vectors of the DT image are used to generate the corresponding graphical representation.

In the arrangements described, the surface and/or selected tracts are rendered superimposed on the greyscale image corresponding to the T1 data of the MRI image. For example, FIG. 7B shows a window 700 b reproduced by execution of the module 210. The window 700 b reproduces a graphical representation of a network of a brain shown in FIG. 7A based on user selection of a Grouping “Network” and Level 1 “Language”. In FIG. 7B, a graphical representation in the display area 710 includes a greyscale background 720 generated using the MRI image. In an alternative arrangement, a template image could be used as the background 720.

A number of surfaces (selected based on the user's menu selection and generated using the mesh surface 202) representing parcellations are overlaid on the greyscale image 720, such as a surface 725. The selected tracts from the DTI image are overlaid on the parcellation surfaces and the template, for example as indicated by 730 b in the window 700 b.

The step 430 can use known rendering methods, such as three.js or volume rendering using Visualization Toolkit (VTK), for example to render the tracts and the parcellation surface.

FIG. 5 shows a method 500 of selecting tracts as implemented at step 425 of the method 400. The method 500 is typically implemented as one or more modules of the application 210 stored in the memory 106 and controlled under execution of the processor 105.

The method 500 receives the coordinates determined in iterations of step 410 and the image data vectors determined at step 415. The method 500 starts at a determining step 505. Step 505 operates to determine a boundary for each parcellation indicated by the user selection received at step 315. The boundary is determined based on the surface mesh 202 associated with the parcellation. A similar method is used in step 430 to generate a surface for rendering, as described above.

The method 500 continues from step 505 to a determining step 510. Step 510 executes to determine intersections, also referred to as collisions, between of the image data with the generated surface. The intersections are determined based on modelling of operation of the subject brain over time using the DTI image data and known software such as TrackVis, DiPY (Diffusion MRI image package in Python) or Brainlab. One can store tracts and parcellations according to a different data model. Tracts can be stored as list of vectors with xyz coordinates for each point of each vector. One xyz coordinate can have multiple tracts. Parcellations can be stored in a simple tensor as only 1 parcelation id can be found for a given xyz coordinate. The “collision detection” or intersection can consist of scanning the full tract file for parcellations overlapping with tract specific xyz coordinates. The intersections determined at step 510 are in addition those determined to have corresponding coordinates at step 415.

The method 500 continues from step 510 to a check step 515. The step 515 operates to determine if more than one parcellation has been selected, as determined based on the number of parcellation identifiers determined at step 330. If only one parcellation has been selected (“N”) at step 515, the method 500 continues to a selecting step 520. The step 520 executes to select all tracts intersecting or colliding with the selected parcellation surfaces.

If more than one parcellation has been selected (“Y” at step 515) the method 500 continues to a check step 525. Step 525 executes to check if “Intra” mode has been selected. Referring to FIG. 7 , Intra mode is a display option that can be made by a user that is relevant when more than one parcellation in included in the selected network of the brain. A selectable intra button is show as 750, shown as turned off in the window 700. Intra mode determines whether all tracts colliding with selected parcellations are shown in the graphical representation of the network or only tracts beginning and ending in the selected parcellations are shown.

If Intra mode is selected (“Y”) at step 525 the method 500 continues to a selecting step 530. Step 530 operates to select only tracts starting and ending in the selected parcellations.

If intra mode is off (“N” at step 525) the method 500 continues to a selecting step 535. Step 535 operates to select all tracts colliding with the selected parcellations irrespective of where the tracts start or end. In each of steps 520 and 535 the selected or determined tracts comprise all tracts intersecting regions associated with the parcellations determined from the user selection.

The method 500 ends after execution of any of steps 520, 530 and 535.

In another example, FIG. 9A shows a window 900 a reproduced by execution of the module 210. The window 900 a reproduces a graphical representation of a network of a brain based on user selection of a Grouping “Tract” and Level 1 “ILF” with Intra mode on. In FIG. 9A, a graphical representation in a display area 910 includes a greyscale background 920 generated using the MRI image. In an alternative arrangement, a template image could be used as the background 920.

A number of surfaces (selected based on the user's menu selection and generated using the mesh surface 202) representing parcellations are overlaid on the greyscale image 920, such as a surface 925. The selected tracts from the DTI image are overlaid on the parcellation surfaces and the template, for example indicated as 930 in the window 900 a. In FIG. 9 a both tracts and parcellations are shown, corresponding to checking of both 740 and 750 of FIG. 7A.

FIG. 9B shows a window 900 b reproduced by execution of the module 210. The window 900 a reproduces a graphical representation of a network of a brain based on user selection of a Grouping “Tract” and Level 1 “ILF” with Intra mode on. In FIG. 9B only tracts 930 b are shown over the greyscale image due selection of user display options (not shown). For example, using the example menu 720 of FIG. 7A, 740 would be checked and 750 unchecked.

FIG. 6A shows a dataflow 600 associated with operation of step 307 of the method 300. The dataflow receives inputs of an MRI image 605 (as accessed at step 305), a brain atlas 620, an RGB distribution 635 and an initial mapping database 640. The brain atlas 620 can be a standard HCP-MMP atlas or another type of brain atlas. The RGB distribution 635 assigns RGB values to parcellations. The initial mapping database 640 relates to the data structure 250 in which parcellation identifiers have not yet been assigned for the subject brain.

The step 307 operates to use T1 data comprising three-dimensional coordinates 610 of the MRI image 610. The three-dimensional coordinates 610 in association with T1 greyscale data provide a greyscale image of the subject brain 615. Step 307 uses the coordinates 610 to creates the mesh model 204 comprising the coordinates 610 each having an associated mesh identifier.

The coordinates 610, the RGB distribution 635 and the atlas 620 are used to generate the surface mesh 202.

The dataflow 600 generates data 625, relating population of the identifiers 260 of the mapping database 206. The data 625 is generated based on the coordinates 610, the initial database 640 and the mesh model 204 such that the identifiers 260 correspond to identifiers in the same three-dimensional location of the mesh model 204. The mesh surface 202 and the mesh model 204 allow a parcellation name to be matched to a volume in space and the identifiers 260 to be populated accordingly.

FIG. 6B shows a dataflow 650 associated with generating a graphical representation in terms of operation of FIGS. 3-5 . As shown in the dataflow 650 a mesh identifier 655 is obtained in execution of step 303. The identifier 655 is used with the mapping database 206 to determine a parcellation name 665 (corresponding to 258) at step 405. Coordinates 670 for the identifier 655 are determined using the mesh model 204, the parcellation name 665 and the mapping database 206 at step 410.

The coordinates 670 and a DTI image 690 of the subject brain are used at step 415 to determine tract data 675 based on corresponding coordinates. The tract data relates to tracts as described in tract vector ((x, y, z)) form. A tract file can be a list of vectors in which each of the points constituting a vector are referenced in xyz coordinates. This approach can be used as a tract vector is not typically in a straight line. A subset of tracts 680 is determined in operation of the method 500 using the image 690 and the tract data 675. As described in relation to the method 500, the subset 680 may include all of the tracts 675 (steps 520 and 535) or tracts beginning and ending in selected parcellations only (step 530).

Step 430 operates to render a graphical representation 685 representing the user selection using the tract subsets 680, the greyscale image 615 and the surface mesh 202. A typical scan of a human brain can produce about 300,000 tracts. Each tract can have several hundreds of xyz coordinates.

As shown in FIG. 7A, graphical representation of the whole DTI image includes a high level of data that cannot be easily understood or divided into relevant portions. The graphical representation, although based on an actual captured image of the subject brain, provides limited clinical assistance to a viewer such as a neurosurgeon. However, generating a graphical representation of a network of the brain based using the arrangements described can result in images such as that shown in FIG. 7B. In FIG. 7B a neurosurgeon or other healthcare professional can identify relevant interconnections relating to language functions of the subject brain from the DTI image intuitively. The interconnections are relevant in terms of both structure and function of the selected network of the subject brain. The representation can be clinically more meaningful for the surgeon compared to a showing all tracts in a region, depending on the reason for analysis of the subject brain. Similarly, the examples of FIGS. 9A and 9B show networks relating to ILF only, and provide a more clinically meaningful image than current techniques.

In a further example, FIG. 10 shows a window 1000 reproduced by execution of the module 210. The window 1000 reproduces a graphical representation of a network of a brain based on user selection of a Grouping “Tract” and Level 1 “FAT” with Intra mode off. The graphical representation includes surfaces representing parcellations (for example 1025) and tracts (1030) derived from a DTI image of the subject brain and determined to be related to structural parcellation FAT (frontal aslant tract).

The data structure 250 and use of parcellations allows a neurosurgeon or other neuroscience professional to select the relevant network of the brain intuitively. Further, the structure 250, mesh 204 and look up table 212 when used in combination allow the relevant portions of the DTI image to be determined for inclusion in the user-selected network.

The arrangements described are applicable to the medical image capture and data processing industries and particularly for the medical industries related to neurology and associated healthcare.

The foregoing describes only some embodiments of the present invention, and modifications and/or changes can be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, the embodiments being illustrative and not restrictive.

In the context of this specification, the word “comprising” means “including principally but not necessarily solely” or “having” or “including”, and not “consisting only of”. Variations of the word “comprising”, such as “comprise” and “comprises” have correspondingly varied meanings.

TABLE 2 Example mapping database Grouping Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Parcellation ID Network Auditory Left Frontal 44 74 Network Auditory Left Frontal 8C 73 Network Auditory Left Frontal FOP4 108 Network Auditory Right Frontal 44 274 Network Auditory Right Frontal 8C 273 Network Auditory Right Frontal FOP4 308 Network Auditory Left Parietal PFcm 105 Network Auditory Left Parietal PSL 25 Network Auditory Right Parietal PFcm 305 Network Auditory Right Parietal PSL 225 Network Auditory Left SMA SCEF 43 Network Auditory Right SMA SCEF 243 Network Auditory Left Temporal A1 24 Network Auditory Left Temporal A4 175 Network Auditory Left Temporal A5 125 Network Auditory Left Temporal LBelt 174 Network Auditory Left Temporal MBelt 173 Network Auditory Left Temporal PB elt 124 Network Auditory Left Temporal RI 104 Network Auditory Left Temporal STSdp 129 Network Auditory Left Temporal TPOJ1 139 Network Auditory Right Temporal A1 224 Network Auditory Right Temporal A4 375 Network Auditory Right Temporal A5 325 Network Auditory Right Temporal LBelt 374 Network Auditory Right Temporal MBelt 373 Network Auditory Right Temporal PBelt 324 Network Auditory Right Temporal RI 304 Network Auditory Right Temporal STSdp 329 Network Auditory Right Temporal TPOJ1 339 Network CEN Left Frontal 46 84 Network CEN Left Frontal 8Ad 68 Network CEN Left Frontal 8Av 67 Network CEN Left Frontal a47r 77 Network CEN Left Frontal IFSa 82 Network CEN Left Frontal IFSp 81 Network CEN Left Frontal p47r 171 Network CEN Left Frontal p9-46v 83 Network CEN Right Frontal 46 284 Network CEN Right Frontal 8Ad 268 Network CEN Right Frontal 8Av 267 Network CEN Right Frontal a47r 277 Network CEN Right Frontal IFSa 282 Network CEN Right Frontal IFSp 281 Network CEN Right Frontal p47r 371 Network CEN Right Frontal p9-46v 283 Network CEN Left Parietal AIP 117 Network CEN Left Parietal PF 148 Network CEN Left Parietal PFcm 105 Network CEN Left Parietal PFm 149 Network CEN Left Parietal PFt 116 Network CEN Left Parietal PSL 25 Network CEN Right Parietal AIP 317 Network CEN Right Parietal PF 348 Network CEN Right Parietal PFcm 305 Network CEN Right Parietal PFm 349 Network CEN Right Parietal PFt 316 Network CEN Right Parietal PSL 225 Network DAN Left Dorsal Premotor 6a 96 Network DAN Right Dorsal Premotor 6a 296 Network DAN Left Frontal FEF 10 Network DAN Right Frontal FEF 210 Network DAN Left Lateral Stream MST 2 Network DAN Left Lateral Stream MT 23 Network DAN Left Lateral Stream PH 138 Network DAN Left Lateral Stream V4t 156 Network DAN Right Lateral Stream MST 202 Network DAN Right Lateral Stream MT 223 Network DAN Right Lateral Stream PH 338 Network DAN Right Lateral Stream V4t 356 Network DAN Left Parietal 7PC 47 Network DAN Left Parietal AIP 117 Network DAN Left Parietal LIPd 95 Network DAN Left Parietal LIPv 48 Network DAN Left Parietal VIP 49 Network DAN Right Parietal 7PC 247 Network DAN Right Parietal AIP 317 Network DAN Right Parietal LIPd 295 Network DAN Right Parietal LIPv 248 Network DAN Right Parietal VIP 249 Network DMN Left ACC l0r 65 Network DMN Left ACC a24 61 Network DMN Left ACC p32 64 Network DMN Left ACC s32 165 Network DMN Right ACC 10r 265 Network DMN Right ACC a24 261 Network DMN Right ACC p32 264 Network DMN Right ACC s32 365 Network DMN Left Lateral Parietal IP1 145 Network DMN Left Lateral Parietal PGi 150 Network DMN Left Lateral Parietal PGs 151 Network DMN Left Lateral Parietal TPOJ3 141 Network DMN Right Lateral Parietal IP1 345 Network DMN Right Lateral Parietal PGi 350 Network DMN Right Lateral Parietal PGs 351 Network DMN Right Lateral Parietal TPOJ3 341 Network DMN Left PCC 31a 162 Network DMN Left PCC 31pd 161 Network DMN Left PCC 31pv 35 Network DMN Left PCC d23ab 34 Network DMN Left PCC RSC 14 Network DMN Left PCC v23ab 33 Network DMN Right PCC 31a 362 Network DMN Right PCC 31pd 361 Network DMN Right PCC 3 1pv 235 Network DMN Right PCC d23ab 234 Network DMN Right PCC RSC 214 Network DMN Right PCC v23ab 233 Network Language Left Frontal 44 74 Network Language Left Frontal 45 75 Network Language Left Frontal 471 76 Network Language Left Frontal 55b 12 Network Language Left Frontal 8C 73 Network Language Left Frontal IFJa 79 Network Language Left Parietal AIP 117 Network Language Left Parietal PFm 149 Network Language Left SMA SCEF 43 Network Language Left SMA SFL 26 Network Language Left Temporal PBelt 124 Network Language Left Temporal PHT 137 Network Language Left Temporal STSdp 129 Network Language Left Temporal STSvp 130 Network Language Left Temporal TElp 133 Network Accessory Left STSda 128 Language Network Accessory Left STSva 176 Language Network Accessory Left TE1a 132 Language Network Accessory Left TGv 172 Language Network Medial temporal Left Bilateral EC 118 Network Medial temporal Left Bilateral PeEc 122 Network Medial temporal Left Bilateral PHAl 126 Network Medial temporal Left Bilateral PHA2 155 Network Medial temporal Left Bilateral PHA3 127 Network Medial temporal Left Bilateral PreS 119 Network Medial temporal Right Bilateral EC 318 Network Medial temporal Right Bilateral PeEc 322 Network Medial temporal Right Bilateral PHAl 326 Network Medial temporal Right Bilateral PHA2 355 Network Medial temporal Right Bilateral PHA3 327 Network Medial temporal Right Bilateral PreS 319 Network Medial temporal Left Subcortical Amygdala 418 Network Medial temporal Left Subcortical Hippocampus 417 Network Medial temporal Right Subcortical Amygdala 454 Network Medial temporal Right Subcortical Hippocampus 453 Network Neglect Right Frontal 46 284 Network Neglect Right Frontal FEF 210 Network Neglect Right Frontal p9-46v 283 Network Neglect Right Parietal AIP 317 Network Neglect Right Parietal PF 348 Network Neglect Right Parietal PFcm 305 Network Neglect Right Parietal PFt 316 Network Neglect Right Primary 4 208 Network Neglect Right Primary 3a 253 Network Neglect Right Temporal A4 375 Network Neglect Right Temporal LBelt 374 Network Neglect Right Temporal PBelt 324 Network Neglect Right Temporal STSdp 329 Network Praxis Left Frontal FOP4 108 Network Praxis Left Lateral Parietal PGi 150 Network Praxis Left Parietal 52 103 Network Praxis Left Parietal 7AL 42 Network Praxis Left Parietal 7PC 47 Network Praxis Left Parietal AIP 117 Network Praxis Left Parietal MIP 50 Network Praxis Left Parietal PFop 147 Network Praxis Left Primary 4 8 Network Praxis Left Primary 3b 9 Network Praxis Left SMA SCEF 43 Network Praxis Left Temporal RI 104 Network Salience Left Cingulate a24pr 59 Network Salience Left Cingulate p32pr 60 Network Salience Right Cingulate a24pr 259 Network Salience Right Cingulate p32pr 260 Network Salience Left Insula AVI 111 Network Salience Left Insula FOP5 169 Network Salience Left Insula MI 109 Network Salience Right Insula AVI 311 Network Salience Right Insula FOP5 369 Network Salience Right Insula MI 309 Network Sensorimotor Left Cingulate motor 24dd 40 Network Sensorimotor Left Cingulate motor 24dv 41 Network Sensorimotor Right Cingulate motor 24dd 240 Network Sensorimotor Right Cingulate motor 24dv 241 Network Sensorimotor Left Dorsal Premotor 6a 96 Network Sensorimotor Left Dorsal Premotor 6d 54 Network Sensorimotor Right Dorsal Premotor 6a 296 Network Sensorimotor Right Dorsal Premotor 6d 254 Network Sensorimotor Left Primary 1 51 Network Sensorimotor Left Primary 2 52 Network Sensorimotor Left Primary 4 8 Network Sensorimotor Left Primary 3a 53 Network Sensorimotor Left Primary 3b 9 Network Sensorimotor Right Primary 1 251 Network Sensorimotor Right Primary 2 252 Network Sensorimotor Right Primary 4 208 Network Sensorimotor Right Primary 3a 253 Network Sensorimotor Right Primary 3b 209 Network Sensorimotor Left SMA 6ma 44 Network Sensorimotor Left SMA 6mp 55 Network Sensorimotor Left SMA SCEF 43 Network Sensorimotor Left SMA SFL 26 Network Sensorimotor Right SMA 6ma 244 Network Sensorimotor Right SMA 6mp 255 Network Sensorimotor Right SMA SCEF 243 Network Sensorimotor Right SMA SFL 226 Network Sensorimotor Left Ventral Premotor 6r 78 Network Sensorimotor Left Ventral Premotor 6v 56 Network Sensorimotor Right Ventral Premotor 6r 278 Network Sensorimotor Right Ventral Premotor 6v 256 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical Accumbens 426 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical Caudate 411 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical Cerebellum 408 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical Pallidum 413 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical Putamen 412 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical Thalamus 410 Network Subcortical Left Subcortical VentralDC 428 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical Accumbens 458 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical Caudate 450 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical Cerebellum 447 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical Pallidum 452 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical Putamen 451 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical Thalamus 449 Network Subcortical Right Subcortical VentralDC 460 Network VAN Left Dorsal Premotor 6a 96 Network VAN Right Dorsal Premotor 6a 296 Network VAN Left Frontal 8C 73 Network VAN Left Frontal p9-46v 83 Network VAN Right Frontal 8C 273 Network VAN Right Frontal p9-46v 283 Network VAN Left Inferior Parietal TPOJ2 140 Network VAN Left Lateral Parietal PGi 150 Network VAN Right Lateral Parietal PGi 350 Network VAN Left Medial Parietal PCV 27 Network VAN Left Parietal MIP 50 Network VAN Left Parietal PFm 149 Network VAN Right Parietal 7Am 245 Network VAN Right Parietal 7Pm 229 Network VAN Right Parietal MIP 250 Network VAN Right Parietal PCV 227 Network VAN Right Parietal PFm 349 Network VAN Right Parietal TPOJ2 340 Network VAN Left Superior Parietal 7Am 45 Network VAN Left Superior Parietal 7Pm 29 Network VAN Left Ventral Premotor 6r 78 Network VAN Right Ventral Premotor 6r 278 Network Visual Left Dorsal Stream IPS1 17 Network Visual Left Dorsal Stream V3A 13 Network Visual Left Dorsal Stream V3B 19 Network Visual Left Dorsal Stream V6 3 Network Visual Left Dorsal Stream V6A 152 Network Visual Left Dorsal Stream V7 16 Network Visual Right Dorsal Stream IPS1 217 Network Visual Right Dorsal Stream V3A 213 Network Visual Right Dorsal Stream V3B 219 Network Visual Right Dorsal Stream V6 203 Network Visual Right Dorsal Stream V6A 352 Network Visual Right Dorsal Stream V7 216 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream FST 157 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream LO1 20 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream LO2 21 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream LO3 159 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream MST 2 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream MT 23 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream PH 138 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream V3CD 158 Network Visual Left Lateral Stream V4t 156 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream FST 357 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream LO1 220 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream LO2 221 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream LO3 359 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream MST 202 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream MT 223 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream PH 338 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream V3CD 358 Network Visual Right Lateral Stream V4t 356 Network Visual Left Medial V1 1 Network Visual Left Medial V2 4 Network Visual Left Medial V3 5 Network Visual Left Medial V4 6 Network Visual Right Medial V1 201 Network Visual Right Medial V2 204 Network Visual Right Medial V3 205 Network Visual Right Medial V4 206 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream FFC 18 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream PIT 22 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream V8 7 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream VMV1 153 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream VMV2 160 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream VMV3 154 Network Visual Left Ventral Stream VVC 163 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream FFC 218 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream PIT 222 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream V8 207 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream VMV1 353 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream VMV2 360 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream VMV3 354 Network Visual Right Ventral Stream VVC 363 Parcellation Left Subcortical Accumbens 426 Parcellation Left Subcortical Amygdala 418 Parcellation Left Subcortical Caudate 411 Parcellation Left Subcortical Cerebellum 408 Parcellation Left Subcortical Hippocampus 417 Parcellation Left Subcortical Pallidum 413 Parcellation Left Subcortical Putamen 412 Parcellation Left Subcortical Thalamus 410 Parcellation Left Subcortical VentralDC 428 Parcellation Right Subcortical Accumbens 458 Parcellation Right Subcortical Amygdala 454 Parcellation Right Subcortical Caudate 450 Parcellation Right Subcortical Cerebellum 447 Parcellation Right Subcortical Hippocampus 453 Parcellation Right Subcortical Pallidum 452 Parcellation Right Subcortical Putamen 451 Parcellation Right Subcortical Thalamus 449 Parcellation Right Subcortical VentralDC 460 Parcellation Subcortical Brain-Stem 416 Parcellation Left 1 51 Parcellation Left 2 52 Parcellation Left 4 8 Parcellation Left 25 164 Parcellation Left 43 99 Parcellation Left 44 74 Parcellation Left 45 75 Parcellation Left 46 84 Parcellation Left 52 103 Parcellation Left 10d 72 Parcellation Left 10pp 90 Parcellation Left 10r 65 Parcellation Left 10v 88 Parcellation Left 11I 91 Parcellation Left 13I 92 Parcellation Left 23c 38 Parcellation Left 23d 32 Parcellation Left 24dd 40 Parcellation Left 24dv 41 Parcellation Left 31a 162 Parcellation Left 31pd 161 Parcellation Left 31pv 35 Parcellation Left 33pr 58 Parcellation Left 3a 53 Parcellation Left 3b 9 Parcellation Left 47l 76 Parcellation Left 47m 66 Parcellation Left 47s 94 Parcellation Left 55b 12 Parcellation Left 5L 39 Parcellation Left 5m 36 Parcellation Left 5mv 37 Parcellation Left 6a 96 Parcellation Left 6d 54 Parcellation Left 6ma 44 Parcellation Left 6mp 55 Parcellation Left 6r 78 Parcellation Left 6v 56 Parcellation Left 7AL 42 Parcellation Left 7Am 45 Parcellation Left 7m 30 Parcellation Left 7PC 47 Parcellation Left 7PL 46 Parcellation Left 7Pm 29 Parcellation Left 8Ad 68 Parcellation Left 8Av 67 Parcellation Left 8BL 70 Parcellation Left 8BM 63 Parcellation Left 8C 73 Parcellation Left 9-46d 86 Parcellation Left 9a 87 Parcellation Left 9m 69 Parcellation Left 9p 71 Parcellation Left A1 24 Parcellation Left a10p 89 Parcellation Left a24 61 Parcellation Left a24pr 59 Parcellation Left a32pr 179 Parcellation Left A4 175 Parcellation Left a47r 77 Parcellation Left A5 125 Parcellation Left a9-46v 85 Parcellation Left AAIC 112 Parcellation Left AIP 117 Parcellation Left AVI 111 Parcellation Left d23ab 34 Parcellation Left d32 62 Parcellation Left DVT 142 Parcellation Left EC 118 Parcellation Left FEF 10 Parcellation Left FFC 18 Parcellation Left FOP1 113 Parcellation Left FOP2 115 Parcellation Left FOP3 114 Parcellation Left FOP4 108 Parcellation Left FOPS 169 Parcellation Left FST 157 Parcellation Left H 120 Parcellation Left i6-8 97 Parcellation Left IFJa 79 Parcellation Left IFJp 80 Parcellation Left IFSa 82 Parcellation Left IFSp 81 Parcellation Left Ig 168 Parcellation Left IP0 146 Parcellation Left IP1 145 Parcellation Left IP2 144 Parcellation Left IPS1 17 Parcellation Left LBelt 174 Parcellation Left LIPd 95 Parcellation Left LIPv 48 Parcellation Left LO1 20 Parcellation Left LO2 21 Parcellation Left LO3 159 Parcellation Left MBelt 173 Parcellation Left MI 109 Parcellation Left MIP 50 Parcellation Left MST 2 Parcellation Left MT 23 Parcellation Left OFC 93 Parcellation Left OP1 101 Parcellation Left OP2-3 102 Parcellation Left OP4 100 Parcellation Left p10p 170 Parcellation Left p24 180 Parcellation Left p24pr 57 Parcellation Left p32 64 Parcellation Left p32pr 60 Parcellation Left p47r 171 Parcellation Left p9-46v 83 Parcellation Left PBelt 124 Parcellation Left PCV 27 Parcellation Left PeEc 122 Parcellation Left PEF 11 Parcellation Left PF 148 Parcellation Left PFcm 105 Parcellation Left PFm 149 Parcellation Left PFop 147 Parcellation Left PFt 116 Parcellation Left PGi 150 Parcellation Left PGp 143 Parcellation Left PGs 151 Parcellation Left PH 138 Parcellation Left PHA1 126 Parcellation Left PHA2 155 Parcellation Left PHA3 127 Parcellation Left PHT 137 Parcellation Left PI 178 Parcellation Left Pir 110 Parcellation Left PIT 22 Parcellation Left pOFC 166 Parcellation Left PoI1 167 Parcellation Left PoI2 106 Parcellation Left POS1 31 Parcellation Left POS2 15 Parcellation Left PreS 119 Parcellation Left ProS 121 Parcellation Left PSL 25 Parcellation Left RI 104 Parcellation Left RSC 14 Parcellation Left s32 165 Parcellation Left s6-8 98 Parcellation Left SCEF 43 Parcellation Left SFL 26 Parcellation Left STGa 123 Parcellation Left STSda 128 Parcellation Left STSdp 129 Parcellation Left STSva 176 Parcellation Left STSvp 130 Parcellation Left STV 28 Parcellation Left TA2 107 Parcellation Left TE1a 132 Parcellation Left TE1m 177 Parcellation Left TE1p 133 Parcellation Left TE2a 134 Parcellation Left TE2p 136 Parcellation Left TF 135 Parcellation Left TGd 131 Parcellation Left TGv 172 Parcellation Left TPOJ1 139 Parcellation Left TPOJ2 140 Parcellation Left TPOJ3 141 Parcellation Left V1 1 Parcellation Left V2 4 Parcellation Left v23ab 33 Parcellation Left V3 5 Parcellation Left V3A 13 Parcellation Left V3B 19 Parcellation Left V3CD 158 Parcellation Left V4 6 Parcellation Left V4t 156 Parcellation Left V6 3 Parcellation Left V6A 152 Parcellation Left V7 16 Parcellation Left V8 7 Parcellation Left VIP 49 Parcellation Left VMV1 153 Parcellation Left VMV2 160 Parcellation Left VMV3 154 Parcellation Left VVC 163 Parcellation Right 1 251 Parcellation Right 2 252 Parcellation Right 4 208 Parcellation Right 25 364 Parcellation Right 43 299 Parcellation Right 44 274 Parcellation Right 45 275 Parcellation Right 46 284 Parcellation Right 52 303 Parcellation Right 10d 272 Parcellation Right 10pp 290 Parcellation Right 10r 265 Parcellation Right 10v 288 Parcellation Right 11l 291 Parcellation Right 13l 292 Parcellation Right 23c 238 Parcellation Right 23d 232 Parcellation Right 24dd 240 Parcellation Right 24dv 241 Parcellation Right 31a 362 Parcellation Right 31pd 361 Parcellation Right 31pv 235 Parcellation Right 33pr 258 Parcellation Right 3a 253 Parcellation Right 3b 209 Parcellation Right 47l 276 Parcellation Right 47m 266 Parcellation Right 47s 294 Parcellation Right 55b 212 Parcellation Right 5L 239 Parcellation Right 5m 236 Parcellation Right 5mv 237 Parcellation Right 6a 296 Parcellation Right 6d 254 Parcellation Right 6ma 244 Parcellation Right 6mp 255 Parcellation Right 6r 278 Parcellation Right 6v 256 Parcellation Right 7AL 242 Parcellation Right 7Am 245 Parcellation Right 7m 230 Parcellation Right 7PC 247 Parcellation Right 7PL 246 Parcellation Right 7Pm 229 Parcellation Right 8Ad 268 Parcellation Right 8Av 267 Parcellation Right 8BL 270 Parcellation Right 8BM 263 Parcellation Right 8C 273 Parcellation Right 9-46d 286 Parcellation Right 9a 287 Parcellation Right 9m 269 Parcellation Right 9p 271 Parcellation Right A1 224 Parcellation Right a10p 289 Parcellation Right a24 261 Parcellation Right a24pr 259 Parcellation Right a32pr 379 Parcellation Right A4 375 Parcellation Right a47r 277 Parcellation Right A5 325 Parcellation Right a9-46v 285 Parcellation Right AAIC 312 Parcellation Right AIP 317 Parcellation Right AVI 311 Parcellation Right d23ab 234 Parcellation Right d32 262 Parcellation Right DVT 342 Parcellation Right EC 318 Parcellation Right FEF 210 Parcellation Right FFC 218 Parcellation Right FOP1 313 Parcellation Right FOP2 315 Parcellation Right FOP3 314 Parcellation Right FOP4 308 Parcellation Right FOPS 369 Parcellation Right FST 357 Parcellation Right H 320 Parcellation Right i6-8 297 Parcellation Right IFJa 279 Parcellation Right IFJp 280 Parcellation Right IFSa 282 Parcellation Right IFSp 281 Parcellation Right Ig 368 Parcellation Right IP0 346 Parcellation Right IP1 345 Parcellation Right IP2 344 Parcellation Right IPS1 217 Parcellation Right LBelt 374 Parcellation Right LIPd 295 Parcellation Right LIPv 248 Parcellation Right LO1 220 Parcellation Right LO2 221 Parcellation Right LO3 359 Parcellation Right MBelt 373 Parcellation Right MI 309 Parcellation Right MIP 250 Parcellation Right MST 202 Parcellation Right MT 223 Parcellation Right OFC 293 Parcellation Right OP1 301 Parcellation Right OP2-3 302 Parcellation Right OP4 300 Parcellation Right p10p 370 Parcellation Right p24 380 Parcellation Right p24pr 257 Parcellation Right p32 264 Parcellation Right p32pr 260 Parcellation Right p47r 371 Parcellation Right p9-46v 283 Parcellation Right PBelt 324 Parcellation Right PCV 227 Parcellation Right PeEc 322 Parcellation Right PEF 211 Parcellation Right PF 348 Parcellation Right PFcm 305 Parcellation Right PFm 349 Parcellation Right PFop 347 Parcellation Right PFt 316 Parcellation Right PGi 350 Parcellation Right PGp 343 Parcellation Right PGs 351 Parcellation Right PH 338 Parcellation Right PHA1 326 Parcellation Right PHA2 355 Parcellation Right PHA3 327 Parcellation Right PHT 337 Parcellation Right PI 378 Parcellation Right Pir 310 Parcellation Right PIT 222 Parcellation Right pOFC 366 Parcellation Right PoI1 367 Parcellation Right PoI2 306 Parcellation Right POS1 231 Parcellation Right POS2 215 Parcellation Right Pre S 319 Parcellation Right ProS 321 Parcellation Right PSL 225 Parcellation Right RI 304 Parcellation Right RSC 214 Parcellation Right s32 365 Parcellation Right s6-8 298 Parcellation Right SCEF 243 Parcellation Right SFL 226 Parcellation Right STGa 323 Parcellation Right STSda 328 Parcellation Right STSdp 329 Parcellation Right STSva 376 Parcellation Right STSvp 330 Parcellation Right STV 228 Parcellation Right TA2 307 Parcellation Right TE1a 332 Parcellation Right TE1m 377 Parcellation Right TE1p 333 Parcellation Right TE2a 334 Parcellation Right TE2p 336 Parcellation Right TF 335 Parcellation Right TGd 331 Parcellation Right TGv 372 Parcellation Right TPOJ1 339 Parcellation Right TPOJ2 340 Parcellation Right TPOJ3 341 Parcellation Right V1 201 Parcellation Right V2 204 Parcellation Right v23ab 233 Parcellation Right V3 205 Parcellation Right V3A 213 Parcellation Right V3B 219 Parcellation Right V3CD 358 Parcellation Right V4 206 Parcellation Right V4t 356 Parcellation Right V6 203 Parcellation Right V6A 352 Parcellation Right V7 216 Parcellation Right V8 207 Parcellation Right VIP 249 Parcellation Right VMV1 353 Parcellation Right VMV2 360 Parcellation Right VMV3 354 Parcellation Right VVC 363 Tract Cingulum Left ACC 10r 65 Tract Cingulum Left ACC a24 61 Tract Cingulum Left ACC p32 64 Tract Cingulum Left ACC s32 165 Tract Cingulum Right ACC 10r 265 Tract Cingulum Right ACC a24 261 Tract Cingulum Right ACC p32 264 Tract Cingulum Right ACC s32 365 Tract Cingulum Left Bilateral EC 118 Tract Cingulum Left Bilateral PeEc 122 Tract Cingulum Left Bilateral PreS 119 Tract Cingulum Right Bilateral EC 318 Tract Cingulum Right Bilateral PeEc 322 Tract Cingulum Right Bilateral Pre S 319 Tract Cingulum Left Cingulate a24pr 59 Tract Cingulum Left Cingulate p32pr 60 Tract Cingulum Right Cingulate a24pr 259 Tract Cingulum Right Cingulate p32pr 260 Tract Cingulum Left Dorsal Stream V6 3 Tract Cingulum Right Dorsal Stream V6 203 Tract Cingulum Left Frontopolar 10d 72 Tract Cingulum Right Frontopolar 10d 272 Tract Cingulum Left Medial V1 1 Tract Cingulum Left Medial V2 4 Tract Cingulum Right Medial V1 201 Tract Cingulum Right Medial V2 204 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal 25 164 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal 33pr 58 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal 8BM 63 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal 9m 69 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal a32pr 179 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal d32 62 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal p24 180 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Frontal p24pr 57 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal 25 364 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal 33pr 258 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal 8BM 263 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal 9m 269 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal a32pr 379 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal d32 262 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal p24 380 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Frontal p24pr 257 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal 23c 38 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal 23d 32 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal 7m 30 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal DVT 142 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal PCV 27 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal POS1 31 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal POS2 15 Tract Cingulum Left Medial Parietal ProS 121 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Parietal 23d 232 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Parietal 7m 230 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Parietal DVT 342 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Parietal POS1 231 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Parietal POS2 215 Tract Cingulum Right Medial Parietal ProS 321 Tract Cingulum Right Parietal PCV 227 Tract Cingulum Left PCC 31a 162 Tract Cingulum Left PCC 31pd 161 Tract Cingulum Left PCC 31pv 35 Tract Cingulum Left PCC d23ab 34 Tract Cingulum Left PCC RSC 14 Tract Cingulum Left PCC v23ab 33 Tract Cingulum Right PCC 31a 362 Tract Cingulum Right PCC 31pd 361 Tract Cingulum Right PCC 31pv 235 Tract Cingulum Right PCC d23ab 234 Tract Cingulum Right PCC RSC 214 Tract Cingulum Right PCC v23ab 233 Tract Cingulum Left SMA SCEF 43 Tract Cingulum Right SMA SCEF 243 Tract Cingulum Right Superior Parietal 23c 238 Tract FAT Left DLPFC s6-8 98 Tract FAT Right DLPFC s6-8 298 Tract FAT Left Frontal 44 74 Tract FAT Left Frontal FOP4 108 Tract FAT Right Frontal 44 274 Tract FAT Right Frontal FOP4 308 Tract FAT Left Insula MI 109 Tract FAT Right Insula MI 309 Tract FAT Left Medial Frontal 8BL 70 Tract FAT Right Medial Frontal 8BL 270 Tract FAT Left SMA 6ma 44 Tract FAT Left SMA SFL 26 Tract FAT Right SMA 6ma 244 Tract FAT Right SMA SFL 226 Tract FAT Left Superior FOP1 113 Opercula Tract FAT Left Superior FOP3 114 Opercula Tract FAT Right Superior FOP1 313 Opercula Tract FAT Right Superior FOP3 314 Opercula Tract FAT Left Ventral Premotor 6r 78 Tract FAT Right Ventral Premotor 6r 278 Tract ILF Left Accessory TE1a 132 Language Tract ILF Left Accessory TGv 172 Language Tract ILF Left Bilateral PeEc 122 Tract ILF Left Bilateral PHA2 155 Tract ILF Left Bilateral PHA3 127 Tract ILF Right Bilateral PeEc 322 Tract ILF Right Bilateral PHA2 355 Tract ILF Right Bilateral PHA3 327 Tract ILF Left Dorsal Stream V3A 13 Tract ILF Left Dorsal Stream V3B 19 Tract ILF Left Dorsal Stream V6A 152 Tract ILF Left Dorsal Stream V7 16 Tract ILF Right Dorsal Stream V3A 213 Tract ILF Right Dorsal Stream V3B 219 Tract ILF Right Dorsal Stream V6A 352 Tract ILF Right Dorsal Stream V7 216 Tract ILF Left Inferior Parietal PGp 143 Tract ILF Right Inferior Parietal PGp 343 Tract ILF Left Lateral Parietal TPOJ3 141 Tract ILF Right Lateral Parietal TPOJ3 341 Tract ILF Left Lateral Stream LO3 159 Tract ILF Left Lateral Stream MST 2 Tract ILF Left Lateral Stream MT 23 Tract ILF Left Lateral Stream PH 138 Tract ILF Right Lateral Stream LO3 359 Tract ILF Right Lateral Stream MST 202 Tract ILF Right Lateral Stream MT 223 Tract ILF Right Lateral Stream PH 338 Tract ILF Left Medial V1 1 Tract ILF Left Medial V2 4 Tract ILF Left Medial V3 5 Tract ILF Left Medial V4 6 Tract ILF Right Medial V1 201 Tract ILF Right Medial V2 204 Tract ILF Right Medial V3 205 Tract ILF Right Medial V4 206 Tract ILF Left Parietal 52 103 Tract ILF Left Supramarginal PI 178 Gyrus Tract ILF Right Supramarginal 52 303 Gyrus Tract ILF Right Supramarginal PI 378 Gyrus Tract ILF Left Temporal A5 125 Tract ILF Left Temporal MBelt 173 Tract ILF Left Temporal STGa 123 Tract ILF Left Temporal TA2 107 Tract ILF Left Temporal TF 135 Tract ILF Left Temporal TGd 131 Tract ILF Right Temporal A5 325 Tract ILF Right Temporal MBelt 373 Tract ILF Right Temporal STGa 323 Tract ILF Right Temporal TA2 307 Tract ILF Right Temporal TE1a 332 Tract ILF Right Temporal TF 335 Tract ILF Right Temporal TGd 331 Tract ILF Right Temporal TGv 372 Tract ILF Left Ventral Stream FFC 18 Tract ILF Left Ventral Stream V8 7 Tract ILF Left Ventral Stream VMV1 153 Tract ILF Left Ventral Stream VMV2 160 Tract ILF Left Ventral Stream VMV3 154 Tract ILF Left Ventral Stream VVC 163 Tract ILF Right Ventral Stream FFC 218 Tract ILF Right Ventral Stream V8 207 Tract ILF Right Ventral Stream VMV1 353 Tract ILF Right Ventral Stream VMV2 360 Tract ILF Right Ventral Stream VMV3 354 Tract ILF Right Ventral Stream VVC 363 Tract IFOF Left DLPFC 9a 87 Tract IFOF Left DLPFC 9p 71 Tract IFOF Right DLPFC 47l 276 Tract IFOF Right DLPFC 9a 287 Tract IFOF Right DLPFC 9p 271 Tract IFOF Left Dorsal Premotor 6a 96 Tract IFOF Right Dorsal Premotor 6a 296 Tract IFOF Left Dorsal Stream IPS1 17 Tract IFOF Left Dorsal Stream V3A 13 Tract IFOF Left Dorsal Stream V6 3 Tract IFOF Left Dorsal Stream V6A 152 Tract IFOF Left Dorsal Stream V7 16 Tract IFOF Right Dorsal Stream IPS1 217 Tract IFOF Right Dorsal Stream V3A 213 Tract IFOF Right Dorsal Stream V6 203 Tract IFOF Right Dorsal Stream V6A 352 Tract IFOF Right Dorsal Stream V7 216 Tract IFOF Left Frontal 45 75 Tract IFOF Left Frontal 47l 76 Tract IFOF Left Frontal a47r 77 Tract IFOF Right Frontal a47r 277 Tract IFOF Left Frontopolar 10d 72 Tract IFOF Left Frontopolar 10pp 90 Tract IFOF Left Frontopolar a10p 89 Tract IFOF Left Frontopolar p10p 170 Tract IFOF Right Frontopolar 10d 272 Tract IFOF Right Frontopolar 10pp 290 Tract IFOF Right Frontopolar a10p 289 Tract IFOF Right Frontopolar p10p 370 Tract IFOF Left Insula FOP5 169 Tract IFOF Right Insula FOP5 369 Tract IFOF Left Medial V1 1 Tract IFOF Left Medial V2 4 Tract IFOF Left Medial V3 5 Tract IFOF Left Medial V4 6 Tract IFOF Right Medial V1 201 Tract IFOF Right Medial V2 204 Tract IFOF Right Medial V3 205 Tract IFOF Right Medial V4 206 Tract IFOF Left Medial Frontal 8BL 70 Tract IFOF Left Medial Frontal 9m 69 Tract IFOF Right Medial Frontal 8BL 270 Tract IFOF Right Medial Frontal 9m 269 Tract IFOF Left Orbitofrontal 11l 91 Tract IFOF Left Orbitofrontal 47s 94 Tract IFOF Left Orbitofrontal OFC 93 Tract IFOF Right Orbitofrontal 11l 291 Tract IFOF Right Orbitofrontal 47s 294 Tract IFOF Right Orbitofrontal OFC 293 Tract IFOF Left Parietal 7AL 42 Tract IFOF Left Parietal 7PC 47 Tract IFOF Left Parietal MIP 50 Tract IFOF Right Parietal 7Am 245 Tract IFOF Right Parietal 7PC 247 Tract IFOF Right Parietal MIP 250 Tract IFOF Left SMA 6ma 44 Tract IFOF Left SMA SFL 26 Tract IFOF Right SMA 6ma 244 Tract IFOF Right SMA SFL 226 Tract IFOF Left Superior Parietal 7Am 45 Tract IFOF Left Superior Parietal 7PL 46 Tract IFOF Right Superior Parietal 7AL 242 Tract IFOF Right Superior Parietal 7PL 246 Tract IFOF Left Ventral Stream VMV2 160 Tract IFOF Right Ventral Stream VMV2 360 Tract IFOF Right 45 275 Tract MdLF Left Accessory STSda 128 Language Tract MdLF Left Accessory STSva 176 Language Tract MdLF Left Accessory TE1a 132 Language Tract MdLF Left Dorsal Stream IPS1 17 Tract MdLF Left Dorsal Stream V3A 13 Tract MdLF Left Dorsal Stream V3B 19 Tract MdLF Left Dorsal Stream V6 3 Tract MdLF Left Dorsal Stream V6A 152 Tract MdLF Left Dorsal Stream V7 16 Tract MdLF Right Dorsal Stream IPS1 217 Tract MdLF Right Dorsal Stream V3A 213 Tract MdLF Right Dorsal Stream V3B 219 Tract MdLF Right Dorsal Stream V6 203 Tract MdLF Right Dorsal Stream V6A 352 Tract MdLF Right Dorsal Stream V7 216 Tract MdLF Left Insula Proper PoI1 167 Tract MdLF Left Insula Proper PoI2 106 Tract MdLF Right Insula Proper PoI1 367 Tract MdLF Right Insula Proper PoI2 306 Tract MdLF Left IPS IP0 146 Tract MdLF Right IPS IP0 346 Tract MdLF Left Lateral Parietal IP1 145 Tract MdLF Right Lateral Parietal IP1 345 Tract MdLF Left Lateral Stream V3CD 158 Tract MdLF Right Lateral Stream V3CD 358 Tract MdLF Left Medial V1 1 Tract MdLF Left Medial V2 4 Tract MdLF Left Medial V3 5 Tract MdLF Left Medial V4 6 Tract MdLF Right Medial V1 201 Tract MdLF Right Medial V2 204 Tract MdLF Right Medial V3 205 Tract MdLF Right Medial V4 206 Tract MdLF Left Parietal LIPd 95 Tract MdLF Left Parietal LIPv 48 Tract MdLF Left Parietal MIP 50 Tract MdLF Left Parietal VIP 49 Tract MdLF Right Parietal LIPd 295 Tract MdLF Right Parietal LIPv 248 Tract MdLF Right Parietal MIP 250 Tract MdLF Right Parietal VIP 249 Tract MdLF Left Superior Parietal 7PL 46 Tract MdLF Right Superior Parietal 7PL 246 Tract MdLF Left Supramarginal PI 178 Gyrus Tract MdLF Right Supramarginal PI 378 Gyrus Tract MdLF Left Temporal A1 24 Tract MdLF Left Temporal A4 175 Tract MdLF Left Temporal A5 125 Tract MdLF Left Temporal MBelt 173 Tract MdLF Left Temporal PBelt 124 Tract MdLF Left Temporal STGa 123 Tract MdLF Left Temporal STSdp 129 Tract MdLF Left Temporal TGd 131 Tract MdLF Right Temporal A1 224 Tract MdLF Right Temporal A4 375 Tract MdLF Right Temporal A5 325 Tract MdLF Right Temporal MBelt 373 Tract MdLF Right Temporal PBelt 324 Tract MdLF Right Temporal STGa 323 Tract MdLF Right Temporal STSda 328 Tract MdLF Right Temporal STSdp 329 Tract MdLF Right Temporal STSva 376 Tract MdLF Right Temporal TE1a 332 Tract MdLF Right Temporal TGd 331 Tract SLF/AF Left Accessory STSda 128 Language Tract SLF/AF Left Accessory STSva 176 Language Tract SLF/AF Left Accessory TE1a 132 Language Tract SLF/AF Left DLPFC IFJp 80 Tract SLF/AF Left DLPFC PEF 11 Tract SLF/AF Right DLPFC IFJa 279 Tract SLF/AF Right DLPFC IFJp 280 Tract SLF/AF Right DLPFC PEF 211 Tract SLF/AF Left Dorsal Premotor 6a 96 Tract SLF/AF Right Dorsal Premotor 6a 296 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal 44 74 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal 45 75 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal 46 84 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal 55b 12 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal 8Av 67 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal 8C 73 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal FEF 10 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal FOP4 108 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal IFJa 79 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal IFSa 82 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal IFSp 81 Tract SLF/AF Left Frontal p9-46v 83 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal 44 274 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal 46 284 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal 8Av 267 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal 8C 273 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal FEF 210 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal FOP4 308 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal IFSa 282 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal IFSp 281 Tract SLF/AF Right Frontal p9-46v 283 Tract SLF/AF Left Inferior Parietal TPOJ2 140 Tract SLF/AF Left Insula FOP5 169 Tract SLF/AF Left Insula MI 109 Tract SLF/AF Right Insula FOP5 369 Tract SLF/AF Right Insula MI 309 Tract SLF/AF Left IPS IP2 144 Tract SLF/AF Right IPS IP2 344 Tract SLF/AF Left Lateral Parietal IP1 145 Tract SLF/AF Left Lateral Parietal PGs 151 Tract SLF/AF Right Lateral Parietal IP1 345 Tract SLF/AF Right Lateral Parietal PGs 351 Tract SLF/AF Left Lateral Stream FST 157 Tract SLF/AF Left Lateral Stream PH 138 Tract SLF/AF Right Lateral Stream FST 357 Tract SLF/AF Right Lateral Stream PH 338 Tract SLF/AF Left Medial Frontal 8BM 63 Tract SLF/AF Right Medial Frontal 8BM 263 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal 7PC 47 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal AIP 117 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal LIPd 95 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal MIP 50 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal PF 148 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal PFcm 105 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal PFm 149 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal PFt 116 Tract SLF/AF Left Parietal PSL 25 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal 7PC 247 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal AIP 317 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal LIPd 295 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal MIP 250 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal PF 348 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal PFcm 305 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal PFm 349 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal PFt 316 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal PSL 225 Tract SLF/AF Right Parietal TPOJ2 340 Tract SLF/AF Left Primary 1 51 Tract SLF/AF Left Primary 2 52 Tract SLF/AF Left Primary 4 8 Tract SLF/AF Left Primary 3a 53 Tract SLF/AF Left Primary 3b 9 Tract SLF/AF Right Primary 1 251 Tract SLF/AF Right Primary 2 252 Tract SLF/AF Right Primary 4 208 Tract SLF/AF Right Primary 3a 253 Tract SLF/AF Right Primary 3b 209 Tract SLF/AF Left Superior 43 99 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Left Superior FOP1 113 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Left Superior FOP2 115 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Left Superior FOP3 114 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Left Superior OP4 100 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Right Superior 43 299 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Right Superior FOP1 313 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Right Superior FOP2 315 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Right Superior FOP3 314 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Right Superior OP4 300 Opercula Tract SLF/AF Left Supramarginal STV 28 Gyrus Tract SLF/AF Right Supramarginal STV 228 Gyrus Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal A1 24 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal A4 175 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal A5 125 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal LBelt 174 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal PBelt 124 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal PHT 137 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal RI 104 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal STSdp 129 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal STSvp 130 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TE1m 177 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TE1p 133 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TE2a 134 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TE2p 136 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TF 135 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TGd 131 Tract SLF/AF Left Temporal TPOJ1 139 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal A1 224 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal A4 375 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal A5 325 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal LBelt 374 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal PBelt 324 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal PHT 337 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal RI 304 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal STSda 328 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal STSdp 329 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal STSva 376 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal STSvp 330 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TEla 332 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TElm 377 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TE1p 333 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TE2a 334 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TE2p 336 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TF 335 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TGd 331 Tract SLF/AF Right Temporal TPOJ1 339 Tract SLF/AF Left Ventral Premotor 6r 78 Tract SLF/AF Left Ventral Premotor 6v 56 Tract SLF/AF Right Ventral Premotor 6r 278 Tract SLF/AF Right Ventral Premotor 6v 256 Tract SLF/AF Right 45 275 Tract SLF/AF Right 55b 212 Tract UF Right DLPFC 471 276 Tract UF Left Frontal 44 74 Tract UF Left Frontal 45 75 Tract UF Left Frontal 47l 76 Tract UF Left Frontal FOP4 108 Tract UF Right Frontal 44 274 Tract UF Right Frontal FOP4 308 Tract UF Left Insula FOP5 169 Tract UF Right Insula FOP5 369 Tract UF Left Orbitofrontal 47s 94 Tract UF Left Orbitofrontal OFC 93 Tract UF Left Orbitofrontal pOFC 166 Tract UF Right Orbitofrontal 47s 294 Tract UF Right Orbitofrontal OFC 293 Tract UF Right Orbitofrontal pOFC 366 Tract UF Left Temporal STGa 123 Tract UF Left Temporal TGd 131 Tract UF Right Temporal STGa 323 Tract UF Right Temporal TGd 331 Tract UF Right 45 275 Tract VOF Left Dorsal Stream V3A 13 Tract VOF Left Dorsal Stream V3B 19 Tract VOF Left Dorsal Stream V7 16 Tract VOF Right Dorsal Stream V3A 213 Tract VOF Right Dorsal Stream V3B 219 Tract VOF Right Dorsal Stream V7 216 Tract VOF Left Lateral Stream V3CD 158 Tract VOF Right Lateral Stream V3CD 358 Tract VOF Left Medial V2 4 Tract VOF Left Medial V3 5 Tract VOF Right Medial V2 204 Tract VOF Right Medial V3 205 Tract VOF Left Ventral Stream PIT 22 Tract VOF Left Ventral Stream V8 7 Tract VOF Left Ventral Stream VMV1 153 Tract VOF Left Ventral Stream VMV2 160 Tract VOF Left Ventral Stream VMV3 154 Tract VOF Left Ventral Stream VVC 163 Tract VOF Right Ventral Stream PIT 222 Tract VOF Right Ventral Stream V8 207 Tract VOF Right Ventral Stream VMV1 353 Tract VOF Right Ventral Stream VMV2 360 Tract VOF Right Ventral Stream VMV3 354 Tract VOF Right Ventral Stream VVC 363 Region DLPFC Left 9-46d 86 Region DLPFC Left 9a 87 Region DLPFC Left 9p 71 Region DLPFC Left a9-46v 85 Region DLPFC Left i6-8 97 Region DLPFC Left IFJp 80 Region DLPFC Left PEF 11 Region DLPFC Left s6-8 98 Region DLPFC Right 471 276 Region DLPFC Right 9-46d 286 Region DLPFC Right 9a 287 Region DLPFC Right 9p 271 Region DLPFC Right a9-46v 285 Region DLPFC Right i6-8 297 Region DLPFC Right IFJa 279 Region DLPFC Right IFJp 280 Region DLPFC Right PEF 211 Region DLPFC Right s6-8 298 Region Frontopolar Left 10d 72 Region Frontopolar Left 10pp 90 Region Frontopolar Left a10p 89 Region Frontopolar Left p10p 170 Region Frontopolar Right 10d 272 Region Frontopolar Right 10pp 290 Region Frontopolar Right a10p 289 Region Frontopolar Right p10p 370 Region Inferior Parietal Left PGp 143 Region Inferior Parietal Left TPOJ2 140 Region Inferior Parietal Right PGp 343 Region Insula Proper Left AAIC 112 Region Insula Proper Left Ig 168 Region Insula Proper Left Pir 110 Region Insula Proper Left Pol1 167 Region Insula Proper Left PoI2 106 Region Insula Proper Right AAIC 312 Region Insula Proper Right Ig 368 Region Insula Proper Right Pir 310 Region Insula Proper Right PoI1 367 Region Insula Proper Right PoI2 306 Region IPS Left IP0 146 Region IPS Left IP2 144 Region IPS Right IP0 346 Region IPS Right IP2 344 Region Medial Frontal Left 25 164 Region Medial Frontal Left 10v 88 Region Medial Frontal Left 33pr 58 Region Medial Frontal Left 8BL 70 Region Medial Frontal Left 8BM 63 Region Medial Frontal Left 9m 69 Region Medial Frontal Left a32pr 179 Region Medial Frontal Left d32 62 Region Medial Frontal Left p24 180 Region Medial Frontal Left p24pr 57 Region Medial Frontal Right 25 364 Region Medial Frontal Right 10v 288 Region Medial Frontal Right 33pr 258 Region Medial Frontal Right 8BL 270 Region Medial Frontal Right 8BM 263 Region Medial Frontal Right 9m 269 Region Medial Frontal Right a32pr 379 Region Medial Frontal Right d32 262 Region Medial Frontal Right p24 380 Region Medial Frontal Right p24pr 257 Region Medial Parietal Left 23c 38 Region Medial Parietal Left 23d 32 Region Medial Parietal Left 7m 30 Region Medial Parietal Left DVT 142 Region Medial Parietal Left PCV 27 Region Medial Parietal Left POS1 31 Region Medial Parietal Left POS2 15 Region Medial Parietal Left ProS 121 Region Medial Parietal Right 23d 232 Region Medial Parietal Right 7m 230 Region Medial Parietal Right DVT 342 Region Medial Parietal Right POS1 231 Region Medial Parietal Right POS2 215 Region Medial Parietal Right ProS 321 Region Othitofrontal Left 11l 91 Region Othitofrontal Left 13l 92 Region Othitofrontal Left 47m 66 Region Othitofrontal Left 47s 94 Region Othitofrontal Left OFC 93 Region Othitofrontal Left p0FC 166 Region Othitofrontal Right 11l 291 Region Othitofrontal Right 13l 292 Region Othitofrontal Right 47m 266 Region Othitofrontal Right 47s 294 Region Orbitofrontal Right OFC 293 Region Othitofrontal Right pOFC 366 Region Superior Left 43 99 Opercula Region Superior Left FOP1 113 Opercula Region Superior Left FOP2 115 Opercula Region Superior Left FOP3 114 Opercula Region Superior Left OP1 101 Opercula Region Superior Left OP2-3 102 Opercula Region Superior Left OP4 100 Opercula Region Superior Right 43 299 Opercula Region Superior Right FOP1 313 Opercula Region Superior Right FOP2 315 Opercula Region Superior Right FOP3 314 Opercula Region Superior Right OP1 301 Opercula Region Superior Right OP2-3 302 Opercula Region Superior Right OP4 300 Opercula Region Superior Right PFop 347 Opercula Region Superior Parietal Left 5L 39 Region Superior Parietal Left 5m 36 Region Superior Parietal Left 5mv 37 Region Superior Parietal Left 7Am 45 Region Superior Parietal Left 7PL 46 Region Superior Parietal Left 7Pm 29 Region Superior Parietal Right 23c 238 Region Superior Parietal Right 5L 239 Region Superior Parietal Right 5m 236 Region Superior Parietal Right 5mv 237 Region Superior Parietal Right 7AL 242 Region Superior Parietal Right 7PL 246 Region Supramarginal Left PI 178 Gyrus Region Supramarginal Left STV 28 Gyrus Region Supramarginal Right 52 303 Gyrus Region Supramarginal Right PI 378 Gyrus Region Supramarginal Right STV 228 Gyrus Region Temporal Left STGa 123 Region Temporal Left TA2 107 Region Temporal Left TE1m 177 Region Temporal Left TE2a 134 Region Temporal Left TE2p 136 Region Temporal Left TF 135 Region Temporal Left TGd 131 Region Temporal Right PHT 337 Region Temporal Right STGa 323 Region Temporal Right STSda 328 Region Temporal Right STSva 376 Region Temporal Right STSvp 330 Region Temporal Right TA2 307 Region Temporal Right TE1a 332 Region Temporal Right TE1m 377 Region Temporal Right TE1p 333 Region Temporal Right TE2a 334 Region Temporal Right TE2p 336 Region Temporal Right TF 335 Region Temporal Right TGd 331 Region Temporal Right TGv 372 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving a selection of a network of a subject brain to specify a selected network; determining parcellations of the selected network to produce determined parcellations; determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each determined parcellation, corresponding tracts in diffusion tensor image data of the subject brain to produce determined tracts, wherein determining corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the subject brain to produce determined tracts comprises: receiving a tract selection mode indication to select tracts that: a) begin in one of the determined parcellations and b) end in another one of the determined parcellations; and responsive to the tract selection mode indication, determining corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain to produce determined tracts that a) begin in one of the determined parcellations and b) end in another one of the determined parcellations; and generating graphical representation data of the selected network, the graphical representation data including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more determined parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the determined parcellations is determined based on a database associating three-dimensional locations in the subject brain with a parcellation identifier.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the determined parcellations is determined based on a parcellation name and a corresponding region of the subject brain.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined tracts comprise all tracts intersecting regions associated with the determined one or more parcellations.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined tracts comprise all tracts that both begin and end in regions of a human brain occupied by the determined parcellations.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the determined parcellations comprises generating a three-dimensional model of the brain from an MM image, each voxel of the MM image having an associated identifier.
 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising generating a surface model, the surface model associating a set of RGB values with a coordinate of each voxel, the RGB values reflecting a parcellation of the subject brain, and wherein the one or more surfaces are generated using the surface model.
 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein a mapping database associates the identifiers such that each of a plurality of parcellation identifiers matches a mesh identifier in the corresponding three-dimensional location.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation are determined based on voxel positions in MRI data.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding tracts include subsets of tracts.
 11. A system comprising one or more computers and one or more storage devices on which are stored instructions that are operable, when executed by the one or more computers, to cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: receiving a selection of a network of a subject brain to specify a selected network; determining parcellations of the selected network to produce determined parcellations; determining, using three-dimensional coordinates associated with each determined parcellation, corresponding tracts in diffusion tensor image data of the subject brain to produce determined tracts, wherein determining corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the subject brain to produce determined tracts comprises: receiving a tract selection mode indication to select tracts that: a) begin in one of the determined parcellations and b) end in another one of the determined parcellations; and responsive to the tract selection mode indication, determining corresponding tracts in a diffusion tensor image of the brain to produce determined tracts that a) begin in one of the determined parcellations and b) end in another one of the determined parcellations; and generating graphical representation data of the selected network, the graphical representation data including at least one of (i) one or more surfaces representing the one or more determined parcellations, each surface generated using the coordinates, and (ii) the determined tracts.
 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein each of the determined parcellations is determined based on a database associating three-dimensional locations in the subject brain with a parcellation identifier.
 13. The system according to claim 11, wherein each of the determined parcellations is determined based on a parcellation name and a corresponding region of the subject brain.
 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the determined tracts comprise all tracts intersecting regions associated with the determined parcellations.
 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the determined tracts comprise all tracts that both begin and end in regions of a human brain occupied by the determined parcellations.
 16. The system according to claim 11, wherein determining the determined parcellations comprises generating a three-dimensional model of the brain from an MM image, each voxel of the MM image having an associated identifier.
 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise generating a surface model, the surface model associating a set of RGB values with a coordinate of each voxel, the RGB values reflecting a parcellation of the subject brain, and wherein the one or more surfaces are generated using the surface model.
 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein a mapping database associates the identifiers such that each of a plurality of parcellation identifiers matches a mesh identifier in the corresponding three-dimensional location.
 19. The system according to claim 11, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates associated with each parcellation are determined based on voxel positions in Mill data.
 20. The system according to claim 11, wherein the corresponding tracts include subsets of tracts. 